An excavator parts diagram is an invaluable tool for anyone needing to order replacement parts for their heavy machinery. These detailed schematics provide a comprehensive overview of all components, making it much easier to identify and specify the exact parts needed. Each section of the excavator is meticulously labeled, providing a clear and straightforward reference that makes locating components a breeze. If you are new to the world of construction equipment, these diagrams serve as the perfect training resource. They provide a visual reference that simplifies understanding and speeds up the learning process. Similarly, for customers seeking specific parts, these diagrams make it easier to describe exactly what they are looking for.
1.An excavator is a heavy-duty construction machinery composed of many key components. Here is a detailed description of some of the main components of an excavator and their functions:
Walking system
Tracks/Track Shoes: Provide the excavator with mobility and stability on various terrains.
Driving gear: drives the crawler movement.
Axles: Support the track and provide a smooth moving surface.
2. Superstructure
Cab: The operator’s area, containing controls and instruments.
Engine: Provides power to hydraulic systems and other components.
Hydraulic system: Uses hydraulic pressure to drive the movement of the excavator.
Slewing bearing: Allows the superstructure to rotate relative to the chassis.
3. Arms, rods and buckets
Boom: The main boom of an excavator that provides extension and lift functions.
Rod (or arm): Attached to the arm, providing further reach and digging force.
Bucket: A pole-mounted excavation tool that comes in different shapes and sizes depending on the task.
4. Hydraulic components
Hydraulic pump: Generates hydraulic pressure.
Hydraulic valve: Controls the flow of hydraulic fluid to different actuators.
Hydraulic cylinder: Converts hydraulic pressure into mechanical force used to move arms, rods and buckets.
Cab
The excavator’s cab is the central control station for the excavator’s operator. In the cab, an operator will have controls for both the movement of the excavator and the manipulation of the arm and attachments of the excavator. Pedals, levers, and joysticks are used in (often complex) combinations to control the excavator. In modern excavators, control and measurement will be augmented with touchscreens, displays, and other forms of feedback and input in the cab.
Boom
The boom is a part of the arm and is directly attached to the excavator’s house. The length of the boom and the stick define the reach and digging depth of an excavator. Knuckled booms offer side-to-side movement of the arm, hinged booms are divided booms that allow for a new point of articulation, and long reach booms create the ability to extend the area with which an excavator can interact without moving the machine.
Boom Cylinder
The boom is controlled by hydraulic cylinders pinned to the house and the boom. By extending and contracting the cylinder rods from the cylinder housing the operator is able to lift and lower the boom.
Stick
A part of the excavator’s arm, the stick sits between the boom and the attachments. The far end of the stick incorporates a system for connecting to attachments and allowing for their control from the cab. An excavator could employ a longer stick for added reach or a shorter stick for increased digging power.
Stick Cylinder
The excavator’s stick is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder connected to the boom and the stick. Extending and contracting the stick cylinder will pivot the attachment towards or away from the machine and the operator.
Bucket / Attachments
Buckets are the most common type of attachments on an excavator, but excavators today utilize a wide range of attachments for digging, moving items, or interacting with materials in numerous ways.
Bucket Cylinder
The bucket cylinder controls the action of the bucket and is connected to the stick and the bucket. By extending or retracting the cylinder, the operator can control the attachment. In the case of a bucket, extending the cylinder will initiate a scooping movement and retracting the cylinder will dump the bucket.